Chapter 3 : Karma Yoh Ka Mahatav

 

Introduction

Bhagavad Gita ka Chapter 3 "Karma Yoga" ke siddhant par adharit hai. Is chapter mein Shri Krishna ne Arjun ko samjhaya hai ki karma karna kyon zaroori hai aur kaise hum apne karmon ko karte hue bhi moksha prapt kar sakte hain. Yeh chapter un logon ke liye khaas taur par mehtvapurn hai jo yeh maante hain ki moksha ke liye sansaar chhodna aur karmon ko tyaag dena hi ekmatra upay hai. Shri Krishna yahaan spasht karte hain ki karma se bhaagna dharm nahi hai, balki hume apne kartavyaon ka palan karte hue jeevan jeena chahiye.

Karma Yoga ka matlab hai ki vyakti apne sabhi karmon ko Bhagwan ko arpit kare aur bina kisi phal ki iccha ke apna karya kare. Is siddhant ko vistar se samjhane ke liye Shri Krishna ne Arjun ko karma yoga ki shiksha di hai.

Adhyay 3 ka Mahatva

Is chapter mein total 43 shlok hain, jo karma aur gyaan ke beech ke sambandh ko spasht karte hain. Is chapter ka mukhya udeshya yeh hai ki vyakti karma se mukti nahi paa sakta, balki usse karma karte hue hi adhyatmik unnati karni hoti hai. Shri Krishna yeh bhi batate hain ki keval sannyas ya gyaan hi moksha prapt karne ka ekmatra marg nahi hai, balki karma karna aur usse Ishwar ko samarpit karna hi saccha marg hai.

Shlok 1-2: Arjun ka Sandeh

Chapter ki shuruaat mein Arjun fir se apna sandeh vyakt karte hain. Vah poochhte hain ki agar gyaan shreshth hai, toh unhe yuddh mein kyun utara ja raha hai?

Shlok 1: अर्जुन उवाच |
ज्यायसी चेत्कर्मणस्ते मता बुद्धिर्जनार्दन |
तत्किं कर्मणि घोरे मां नियोजयसि केशव || 3-1 ||

Translation:
Arjun kehte hain, "Hey Janardan! Yadi buddhi karma se shreshth hai, toh phir mujhe is ghor karma (yuddh) mein kyun laga rahe ho?"

Shlok 2:
व्यमिश्रेणेव वाक्येन बुद्धिं मोहयसीव मे |
तदेकं वद निश्चित्य येन श्रेयोऽहमाप्नुयाम् || 3-2 ||

Translation:
"Aapke mile-jule vachanon se meri buddhi bhramit ho rahi hai. Kripya mujhe ek hi baat nischit roop se bataiye jisse main apna kalyan paa sakoon."

Shlok 3-4: Shri Krishna ka Uttar

Shri Krishna Arjun ke sandeh ka samadhan karte hue kehte hain ki is sansaar mein do prakaar ke marg hain - gyaan yoga aur karma yoga. Gyaan yoga un logon ke liye hai jo vichar aur vivek ke dwara moksha prapt karte hain, jabki karma yoga unke liye hai jo apne karmon ke madhyam se apni atma ko shuddh karte hain.

Shlok 3:
श्रीभगवानुवाच |
लोकेऽस्मिन्द्विविधा निष्ठा पुरा प्रोक्ता मयानघ |
ज्ञानयोगेन सांख्यानां कर्मयोगेन योगिनाम् || 3-3 ||

Translation:
Shri Bhagwan kehte hain, "Hey anagh (Arjun), is sansaar mein do prakaar ki nishthaayi purv mein batayi gayi thi – sankhya gyaan yoga ke madhyam se aur yogiyon ke liye karma yoga ke madhyam se."

Shlok 4:
न कर्मणामनारम्भान्नैष्कर्म्यं पुरुषोऽश्नुते |
न च सन्न्यसनादेव सिद्धिं समधिगच्छति || 3-4 ||

Translation:
"Na toh karmon ko chhod kar vyakti nishkarmata prapt kar sakta hai, aur na hi keval sannyas lene se siddhi prapt hoti hai."

Karma aur Nishkama Bhav

Shri Krishna yahaan yeh samjhate hain ki karm ko tyagna hi sahi marg nahi hai, balki karm karna zaroori hai. Lekin zaroori hai ki hum apne karmon ko bina kisi fal ki iccha ke karein, jise nishkama karma kaha jata hai. Nishkama karma hi sahi arth mein karma yoga ka saar hai.

Shlok 5-6: Sabko Karma Karna Zaroori Hai

Shri Krishna is baat par zor dete hain ki sabhi vyaktiyon ko karma karna zaroori hai, kyunki bina karma ke jeevan sambhav nahi hai.

Shlok 5:
न हि कश्चित्क्षणमपि जातु तिष्ठत्यकर्मकृत् |
कार्यते ह्यवशः कर्म सर्वः प्रकृतिजैर्गुणैः || 3-5 ||

Translation:
"Koi bhi vyakti ek kshan ke liye bhi bina karma kiye nahi reh sakta. Sabhi log apne prakriti ke gunon ke anusaar avashya karma karte hain."

Shlok 6:
कर्मेन्द्रियाणि संयम्य य आस्ते मनसा स्मरन् |
इन्द्रियार्थान्विमूढात्मा मिथ्याचारः स उच्यते || 3-6 ||

Translation:
"Jo vyakti apne karmendriyon ko niyantrit karke baith jaata hai, lekin apne mann mein indriyon ke vishayon ka smaran karta rehta hai, us vyakti ko mithyaachari kaha jata hai."

Shlok 7-9: Karma Yog ka Palan kaise Karein

Shri Krishna batate hain ki jo vyakti apne karmendriyon ko niyantrit karke bina kisi iccha ke karm karta hai, wahi sahi arth mein karma yogi hota hai. Aur vyakti ko apne kartavya ko poori shraddha ke saath karna chahiye, kyonki bina karm kare, jeevan ko chalana sambhav nahi hai.

Shlok 7:
यस्त्विन्द्रियाणि मनसा नियम्यारभतेऽर्जुन |
कर्मेन्द्रियैः कर्मयोगमसक्तः स विशिष्यते || 3-7 ||

Translation:
"Jo vyakti apne indriyon ko niyantrit kar apne karm ko bina kisi asakti ke karta hai, wahi vyakti uttam hota hai."

Shlok 8:
नियतं कुरु कर्म त्वं कर्म ज्यायो ह्यकर्मणः |
शरीरयात्रापि च ते न प्रसिद्ध्येदकर्मणः || 3-8 ||

Translation:
"Apna niyamit karma kar. Karma akarma (karma na karne) se shreshth hai, kyonki bina karma ke tera shareer bhi nahi chal sakega."

Shlok 9:
यज्ञार्थात्कर्मणोऽन्यत्र लोकोऽयं कर्मबन्धनः |
तदर्थं कर्म कौन्तेय मुक्तसंगः समाचर || 3-9 ||

Translation:
"Yagna ke liye kiya gaya karma toh karma-bandhan se mukt hota hai. Isliye, hey Kaunteya (Arjun), bina kisi asakti ke apna karma kar."

Yagna aur Karma Yoga

Shri Krishna yahaan yagna ka ullekh karte hain aur kehte hain ki jo karma yagna ke liye kiya jata hai, wahi vyakti ko bandhan se mukt karta hai. Har vyakti ko apne karm ko yagna ki bhavna se karna chahiye, jisme woh apne karm ka phal Bhagwan ko arpit karta hai.

Shlok 10-16: Yagna ka Siddhant

Shri Krishna yagna ke siddhant ko spasht karte hain aur batate hain ki yagna purusharth ka ek mahatvapurn hissa hai. Jo vyakti bina kisi yagna bhavna ke apna karma karta hai, woh karma-bandhan mein fas jaata hai. Karma ko yagna ke roop mein karna vyakti ko is bandhan se mukt karta hai.

Shlok 10:
सहयज्ञाः प्रजाः सृष्ट्वा पुरोवाच प्रजापतिः |
अनेन प्रसविष्यध्वमेष वोऽस्त्विष्टकामधुक् || 3-10 ||

Translation:
"Prajapati ne is sansaar ki srishti ke samay prajaa ke saath yagna ko sthapit kiya tha aur kaha tha, ‘Is yagna ke madhyam se tum fal prapt karoge aur yeh tumhare icchit phal pradaan karega.’"

Shlok 11:
देवान्भावयतानेन ते देवा भावयन्तु वः |
परस्परं भावयन्तः श्रेयः परमवाप्स्यथ || 3-11 ||

Translation:
"Is yagna ke madhyam se tum devtaon ka poojan karo aur devta tumhara poojan karenge. Is paraspaarik bhaav ke dwara tum shreyas (kalyan) prapt karoge."

Karma, Dharma aur Samarpan

Is chapter ka mukhya sandesh yeh hai ki karma ko tyaag dena koi sahi marg nahi hai. Karma karte hue bhi vyakti apne dharm ka palan kar sakta hai aur adhyaatm mein pragati kar sakta hai. Bina kisi fal ki iccha ke karm karna aur usse Ishwar ko arpit kar dena hi saccha karma yoga hai. Shri Krishna yeh bhi samjhate hain ki yagna ka arth kewal vedic kriya nahi hai, balki har vyakti apne karmon ko yagna ke roop mein kar sakta hai.

Shlok 17-21: Karma Yoga aur Gyaan Yoga

Shri Krishna Arjun ko samjhate hain ki karma aur gyaan donon hi zaroori hain, lekin karma yoga ko apnaana zyada upayogi hai kyunki karm ke madhyam se hi vyakti gyaan ki prapti kar sakta hai.